Management of Feacal Slude in Low-income Countries: A Case of Ghana

Effective excreta or faecal sludge management towards emptying, transport and disposal from urban on-plot latrines in low-income countries is critical for the sustainability of urban sanitation. However literature mentions lack of effective management for these in low-income countries. The current management practice is fragmented and improper leading to poor health and environmental problems. No substantive information is found relating to how the removed excreta from the latrines is transported for disposal. Also information on household finances and perceptions about emptying and transport services was lacking. No work done on excreta reuse implications regarding emptying, transport and disposal. Based on these, the research questions and hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. Qualitative and quantitative research techniques were used for the analysis. From the findings appropriate recommendations were offered for effective faecal sludge management in the urban areas of low-income countries.