ASSESSMENT OF NESTING GROUNDS OF BIRDS

Birds have been recognized as symbols of peace. The journey of birds is demonstrating the harmony in habitats, ecosystem functions, the tranquillity of regions, and Nations. The birds and their habitats provide many important services to the ecosystems and community. The wintering and nesting ground habitats of birds have been threatened by habitat loss, unsustainable harvesting, illegal killing, etc. To protect the habitat of shorebirds and coastal wetland birds, the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification under the Environment Protection Act (1986) has classified NGB as Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) and it restricts new constructions in and around ESAs. This book assesses various goods and services of the wintering grounds, nesting, and roosting places of birds to indicate annual equal environmental economic benefits to protect the bird habitats. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned and do not necessarily represent the views of the organizations that they are attached.