Fundamentals of transplantation (basics, tests and tasks)

A new direction in transplantology associated with creation and application of artificially produced organs as a temporary or permanent substitution of one or an-other organ has been gradually developing in recent decades. For example, implanted artificial cardiac valve can replace an afflicted one. Artificial vessels and lens made of synthetic material are now widely applied. There are models of miniature membrane oxygenators, lungs, pancreas, liver, kidney, and heart.