Al toxicity in Salvinia plants and it's polyamine mediated tolerance

In modern times as we all know metal contamination is a burning issue for all environmentalists. In nature metals has dual role in plants: some are essential and others are non-essential. Among the non-essential metals some perturb plant’s activity and are called toxic metals. Al though not a heavy metal shows considerable phytotoxic capacity that results in alteration in the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of plants. However different angiospermic species are reported to hyperaccumulate various toxic metals, hydrophytes in the contaminated water bodies are proven to be efficient species in this matter. Polyamine applied for better understanding of anti-oxidation responses due to Al induced oxidative stress in non-angiospermic plants, like Salvinia. In addition, we trialed this plant sample under exogenous H2O2 (safest and stable ROS) exposure to enhance the fundamental knowledge. This however gave us the impetus to take up this real time problem and conduct the experiments which gave encouraging results towards a cleaner and pollution free world that has been followed up in this book.