SHRIMP CULTURE OF ZERO WATER EXCHANGE PRACTISES

Aquaculture is a well-established production technology. It can be dated back at least two millennium. It has been practiced in a wide area of the world for more than a century. The production process in aquaculture is determined by biological, technological, economic, and environmental factors. Production techniques vary widely from region to region, depending on the different social and natural environments from species to species on the various requirements. However, several common features exist, particularly in the more extensive production technologies. Several prophylactic and curative measures have also been suggested, although many chemicals have not been cleared for use. Environmental conditions can be controlled to a large extent, breeding programs undertaken and harvesting timed to ensure continuous supplies of fresh products. With increasing investments in aquaculture and a closer examination of factors that contribute to the risks faced by aquaculturists, the concept of integrated health protection measures has developed in recent years.