Linking Menopause and Periodontal disease

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks a significant milestone in a woman's life, characterized by irreversible alterations in ovarian hormonal functions. Estrogens exert regulatory effects on various organs and tissues throughout a woman's reproductive years by binding to estrogen receptors. These receptors are present not only in the uterus and mammary glands but also in diverse locations such as the urethra, vagina, brain, cardiac cells, oral mucosa, larynx, and periodontal tissues, among others. Estrogen deficiency during menopause can lead to pathological changes in any of these organs, including the periodontium.