Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Some Neonicotinoid Compounds

Neonicotinoids are a set of nicotine-based Insecticides that include the chemicals imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and nitenpyram. The scientist Shell described, first time the insecticidal properties of some simple nitromethylene heterocycles to discover the nithiazine as a neonicotinoid lead structure in 1972. After thirteen years Nihon Bayer achieved an important breakthrough in this chemistry, to synthesize the imidacloprid and found increased insecticidal activity by more than 100 factors against green rice leafhoppers. Imidacloprid is one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide and get distributed in more than 120 countries.They active against a wide range of sucking, biting and some were chewing insects. The main reason for the success of the neonicotinoids in plant protection is because of their high efficacy, selectivity, plant systemicity as well as long-lasting effects. Hence, the problem on the synthesis and insecticidal activity of some new neonicotinoids has been undertaken.