Impact of heavy metals on growth and metabolism of crop plants

The consequences of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal contamination in the environment is a worldwide problem. Some heavy metals are essential macro-nutrients (trace metals) for normal plant growth. Their deficiency or toxicity poses adverse effects on growth and metabolism of plants. The elevated levels of these heavy metals contaminate the environment and cause great environmental problems. Plants exposed to excess concentration of a heavy metal, accumulated it in their tissues often to the toxic levels, causing a reduction in growth, biomass, yield-productivity and metabolism. Hence, keeping this view the study of impact of heavy metals on growth and metabolism of crop plants should be taken with goal to achieve high growth and yield of crop plants improving living of standard.