Evaluation of Serum Calcium, Phosphate and Alkaline Phosphatase

Smoking is a major health hazard, with detrimental effects on many organs, including skeleton. Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. There are limited international and local data about the effect of cigarette smoking on the serum levels of calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase activity and, hence, its effect on the skeleton. This study with help authorities to evaluate the problem more objectively and implement appropriate measures to reduce morbidity and mortality due to cigarette smoking.