Computational and statistical aspects of fixing ship’s position

In order to fix ship's positions one have to perform very complicated calculations. What makes things worse these calculations involve some uncertain data. Uncertain data, in turn, cause that position coordinates are, to some extent, uncertain. In other words coordinates are subject to errors. At the outset the book recalls the error assessment method called the linearization method that was commonly used in the past and is also used at present. Next this book promotes numerical techniques that have not been used and not are used by navigators now. These are: Conjugate Gradient and Monte Carlo modeling. Moreover, the book presents Excel implementations of these techniques. Three versions of implementations are presented: pure Excel implementations (for beginners), mixed Excel - VBA implementations and pure VBA implementations (for experienced Excel users). Pure Excel implementations can be easily re-implemented in other calculation environments e.g. Open Office, KingSoft Office, and Libre Office. This book may also be very interesting for readers of other professions. They will find patterns of solving problems that involve random factors and uncertainty.