Technologies of Stand-alone and Distributed Energy Systems

A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system. Typical SAPS include one or more methods of electricity generation, energy storage, and regulation. Electricity is typically generated by one or more of the following methods: photovoltaic system using solar panels, wind turbine, geothermal source, micro combined heat and power, micro hydro, diesel or biofuel generator, and thermoelectric generator (TEGs).