Trends and Modeling of Ionospheric Irregularities

The upper atmosphere of the Earth at a height range of about 300 – 500 km introduces a lot of errors in navigation and communication systems. A good example of a navigation system affected by the upper atmosphere is the well known Global Positioning System (GPS) which is used in air-crafts for positioning. This book used signals from GPS satellites to study the upper atmosphere and employed mathematical techniques to predict when errors in positioning or communication might occur due to changes in the upper atmosphere. Based on information from such predictions, one could switch to alternative methods of positioning or communication.