The current neuroscientific understanding of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. The primary symptoms include tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia. The depletion of dopamine occurs in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. The quality of life is affected due to Parkinson’s disease and it is not a dreadful disease. Parkinson’s disease affected people are observed with depression, loneliness, helpless and even loss of interest in life. Parkinson’s disease is due to the degeneration of brain cells which cannot be regenerated or replaced. About 80-85% of brain cells are depleted. The treatments and medications are only practiced to reduce the symptoms and not to cure it completely. The treatment also increases the severity of the disease and makes the condition more severe. Neuroinflammation is the important pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroinflammation is the double edge sword in Parkinson’s disease. It is important to unravel the process of inflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Increased nuclear factor kappa B, increased cytokines and activation of microglial cells involve in neuroinflammation.